We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia’s ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European–speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European–speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.After (and during) the Roman period, significant admixture from North Africa too, although keep in mind that North African populations have changed significantly from the time of the Romans. I mean, the Carthiginians were completely destroyed, for instance. So, that means that the Celtiberians were probably more like the Celts elsewhere in Gaul, and the current very Mediterranean looking Spanish population is probably at least partly the way it is because of the Romans and the Moors.
And also remember that most of North Africa was Roman territory during the days of Empire.
And maybe you'll want to read this too. https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2018/02/migration-of-bell-beakersbut-not-from.html
While archaealogists will tell us that the Bell Beaker cultural package seems to originate in Iberia, certainly the genetics of the Bell Beaker spread tell a different story altogether. If it did originate in Iberia, it seems to have been "culturally appropriated" by Central European and North Sea early Indo-European Corded Ware peoples and subsequently spread by them.
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